Magnesium sulfate, chemical formula MgO4S, and CAS No.7487-88-9, is an inorganic salt chemical compound containing magnesium, sulfur and oxygen. It is often encountered as the heptahydrate sulfate mineral epsomite MgSO4·7H2O, commonly called Epsom salt.
The small colorless crystalline powder is used as an anticonvulsant, a cathartic, and an electrolyte replenisher in the treatment of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. It causes direct inhibition of action potentials in myometrial muscle cells. Excitation and contraction are uncoupled, which decreases the frequency and force of contractions.
The monohydrate, MgSO4·H2O is found as the mineral kieserite. The overall global annual usage in the mid-1970s of the monohydrate was 2.3 million tons, of which the majority was used in agriculture.
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Magnesium sulfates are common minerals in geological environments. They mostly occur with supergene processes. Some of them are also important constituents of evaporitic potassium-magnesium (K-Mg) salt deposits.
In the early 1900s, they were first used anecdotally for the control of eclamptic seizures. Magnesium sulfate remains one of the most commonly used medications in obstetric practice today. There have been countless research studies over the past 95 years investigating the efficacy of magnesium sulfate for the management of eclampsia, preeclampsia, preterm labor, and most recently for prevention of cerebral palsy. The majority of this evidence supports without reservation, the use of magnesium sulfate as the drug of choice for the prevention and treatment of eclampsia when evidence of severe disease is present.
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